Writing without borders: one million abstracts, one English
Over one million social-science abstracts (2012 to 2024): writing complexity rose worldwide, non-native English countries converged on the leaders, and by the study's metric China passed the United States.
In favour- Large, open-access evidence that AI writing tools lower the language barrier outside the Anglosphere.
- Twelve years of data, before and after ChatGPT, not a single snapshot.
- "Quality" means readability formulas (Flesch-Kincaid, Fog, SMOG), not argument or rigour.
- One index, three publishers; the LLM signal is a vocabulary proxy, not proof of use.
Our takewhat converged is the surface: English that reads alike everywhere. Whether the ideas underneath converge too is the question worth watching.
Source: Prakash κ.ά., Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 12:1058 (2025)
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